The Conceptual and Theoretical Fundamentals of Management Information Thesis

The Conceptual and Theoretical Fundamentals of Management Information in Public Procurement - Thesis Example Hierarchical Preparedness 82 6.3. The board Information Cockpit and Its Impact on Public Administration Management 85 6.3. Effect of IM Cockpit to Administrative Performance, Efficiency, Effectiveness and Sustainability 88 6.4. Rundown 90 Chapter 7 - Conclusion 91 7.1 Contributions of the Thesis 91 7.2 Implications of the Thesis 92 7.2.1 Implications for Theory 92 7.2.2 Implications for Public Administration Organizations and Information Technology 92 7.2.3 Implications for Future Researches 93 7.3 Limitations of the Thesis 94 7.4 Final Conclusion 94 Bibliography 95 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Private and open association (PPP) is an ongoing wonder that looks to breakdown the conventional obstructions existing between the private and the open sector.1 PPP is a game plan wherein â€Å"public segment bodies go into long haul authoritative understandings in which private gatherings take an interest in, or offer help for, the arrangement of foundation, and a PPP venture brin gs about an agreement for a private element to convey open framework based services.†2 Several types of exchanges have been set up inside the boundaries set by PPP and some of which are fabricate own â€operate, purchase assemble work and others. In any case, paying little mind to the structure of the built up association what is essential is the method of reasoning behind the organization and that is to offer quality types of assistance to general society with decline costs and insignificant dangers on the administration. In such manner, the open private association is equipped towards making the social elements and components that will improve the working of the common society, along these lines, set up a superior rendering of the open goods.3 However, the connection between the general population and the private are most certainly not... A few types of exchanges have been built up inside the boundaries set by PPP and some of which are construct own â€operate, purchase assemble work and others. In any case, paying little heed to the structure of the set up association what is fundamental is the basis behind the organization and that is to offer quality types of assistance to the general population with decline costs and negligible dangers on the administration. In such manner, the open private association is outfitted towards making the social elements and systems that will improve the working of the common society, consequently, build up a superior rendering of the open products. Notwithstanding, the connection between the general population and the private are not simply adjusted by the wonder of PPP, it has likewise been re-molded by headways in innovation. Headways in data and PC innovation (ICT) have enormously influenced all segments of society incorporating the in which the administration render its administrations to the populace. Individuals currently request quality help from the administration, like the administrations given by the private segment. ICT advancements have developed the idea of administration by demonstrating the vehicle wherein all day, every day client assistance is accessible to the general population. This advancement is a much needed development as it gives the setting where the legislature can arrive at the populace and the other way around whenever, anyplace.

English Lit Coursework Essay

Look at the manners by which the creators present differentiating universes/places and their topical centrality in Othello and two different writings. In the entirety of the books; ‘Othello’, ‘Wuthering Heights’ and ‘The Great Gatsby’, the writers, Shakespeare, Bronte and Fitzgerald, show how differentiating universes upset balance, particularly the congruity or even chance of connections. A definitive interruption inside these writings is the boundary of class. In Wuthering Heights, Bronte thinks about the two houses; Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, to feature the separation class makes among Heathcliff and Cathy, by encapsulating the characters and their qualities in the symbolism of the houses. Wuthering Heights basically is a breaking down ranch house. Bronte speaks to Heathcliff with this house, it’s anaesthetically satisfying and disregarded, portrayed as ‘a impeccable misanthropist’s heaven’, giving hermitic and barren undertones, mirroring the way Heathcliff gets remote from society and segregated. Then again, Bronte portrays Thrushcross Grange stupendously, ‘carpeted with crimson’, ‘crimson secured seats and tables’, this decision of shading gives rich implications, of a ‘splendid place’, The decision of lexis ‘splendid’ giving a privileged tone . By and by neither of Cathy or Heathcliff appears to favor the lavish Thrushcross Grange. Bronte presents Cathy to be shallow now and again, yet when Cathy educates Nelly regarding her fantasies she clarifies that ‘heaven didn't appear to be my home’ and that she ‘woke up wailing for joy’ when she was flung ‘into the center of the heath on Wuthering Heights’, Bronte utilizes this along these lines to imply that Cathy sees Wuthering Heights and the fields as her paradise. In like manner she needs the window open when sick at Thrushcross Grange; here Bronte upholds the subject of detainment and entanglement, in an outside world. Similarly Thrushcross Grange has consistently been an outsider and awkward spot to Heathcliff as we see when he decides to lament on the out avoiding grounds of Thrushcross Grange conversely with Edgar who remains inside. By the by Bronte relates Cathy, a Linton to be, to Thrushcross Grange, a universe of refinement and polish, praising Cathy’s own depictions as she develops into a woman So also to Wuthering Heights, Fitzgerald presents the correlation in class of two places, the structures of East and West Egg specifically. West Egg apparently is â€Å"the less elegant of the two,† ailing in traditional feel of refined and tasteful lodging domains. This is appeared by the reality Nick’s cottage is recklessly worked in the space between two manors, this paints a conspicuous picture of conflicting structures. While East Egg is ‘glittered’ with houses that are depicted as ‘white palaces’ with very much kept yards, recommending all around kept, great quality individuals, over all setting a rich and extravagant scene. Never the less, the houses themselves are focused on more so in Wuthering Heights as they are the prevailing image of the two separate universes, though Gatsby focuses on the general public around East Egg and West Egg, so as to underline the distinction of the world Daisy and Tom possess in contrast with Gatsby’s world. Fitzgerald makes the imagery of East and West Egg by deciding to rename Great Neck and Manhasset. West Egg is a position of recently rich settled go getters, many like Gatsby who are believed to have obtained a fortune short-term and brag this through luxurious houses. West Egg has a general dynamic quality appeared through ‘spectroscopic gayety’ with this Fitzgerald proposes a brilliant, vivid and enthusiastic way of life. East Egg anyway is a stylish piece of Long Island, where the well off relatives, of a past lucrative age, live. Interestingly with the West, they appear to be progressively pulled back from having fun and glad for their ‘staid nobility’, except for a couple of omissions at Gatsby’s parties. This absence of living for the second goes over additionally in the manner that they appear to need more in life in the East, yet have no aims of searching for it. Fitzgerald ridicules the ambitionless effortlessness of life that for instance is shown in Jordan and Daisy’s shallow discussion, ‘We should design something’, ‘All right†¦ What’ll we plan? What do individuals plan? ‘ Similarly individuals need certifiable characteristics, everything depends on behavior and picture, a prime case of this is when Mrs Sloane welcomes Gatsby to dinner out of amiability yet doesn’t anticipate that him should really come. Similarly Shakespeare utilizes the topic of class, as an obstruction among Othello and Desdemona, yet dissimilar to Bronte and Fitzgerald, he shows the differentiation through the segregation drawn upon Othello. None the less, Shakespeare uses a correlation of two separate areas, Venice and Cypress. Shakespeare achieves a sensational tone in the play Othello using a variety of methods, for instance emotional incongruity. In like manner Shakespeare utilizes differentiating universes, for example the complexity among Venice and Cyprus, Venice is depicted to be a regarded root, it has a positive portrayal in the play, being the spot where Desdemona and Othello began to look all starry eyed at. Cypress then again is encircled in strife, portrayed as a ‘war-like isle’, an immediate correlation with Venice; it is additionally where Othello and Desdemona’s love endures. The two nations are fundamental to Shakespeare’s examination between the universes of war and love and how Othello battles to discover a harmony between the two. ‘The warlike moor’ experiences the contention between the jobs of being an unpracticed adoring spouse and a solidified military fighter. He’s used to obviously an all male condition, a soldier’s way of life, uneducated in the household universe of females. He can manage the ‘flinty and steel lounge chair of war’ yet is ‘little bless’d with the delicate expression of harmony. Shakespeare devises Othello’s exchange to show how he is progressively alright with language from the semantic field of war than pet monikers, calling Desdemona ‘My reasonable Warrior’. Othello might be regarded for his military endeavors, after this is all we see him applauded for, no credit is given to the reality he is wedding Desdemona even their wedding festivity is imparted to a military festival. Considering this Shakespeare presents him especially as an untouchable, the main dark hero, he doesn’t qualify as a man of honor, and is remembered for society absolutely as he is a colleague of Brabantio and Cassio.

Identity vs. Role Confusion in Eriksons Theory

Identity vs. Role Confusion in Eriksons Theory Theories Psychosocial Psychology Print Identity vs. Role Confusion in Psychosocial Stage 5 By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on December 07, 2019 Psychosocial Development Overview Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair Identity versus confusion is the fifth stage of ego according to psychologist  Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs during adolescence between the ages of approximately 12 and 18. During this stage, adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee According to Erikson,  people progress through a series of stages as they grow and change throughout life. During each stage, people face a developmental conflict that must be resolved to successfully develop the primary virtue of that stage. He was  interested in how social interaction and relationships affect  development and growth. Overview Psychosocial Conflict: Identity Versus ConfusionMajor Question: Who am I?Basic Virtue: FidelityImportant Event(s): Social Relationships What Is Ego Identity? One of the main elements of Eriksons psychosocial stage theory is the development of  ego identity. It is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction, which is  constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others.   During the identity versus confusion stage, the conflict is centered on developing a personal identity. Successfully completing this stage leads to a strong sense of self that will remain throughout life. As they transition from childhood to adulthood, teens may begin to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit into society. As they seek to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities, and behaviors. According to Erikson, this is important to the process of forming a strong identity and developing a sense of direction in life. Development During the Adolescent Years Teen behavior often seems unpredictable and impulsive, but all of this is part of the process of finding a sense of personal identity. Parents and family members continue to exert an influence on how teens feel about themselves, but outside forces also become particularly important during this time. Friends, social groups, schoolmates, societal trends, and even popular culture all play a role in shaping and forming an identity. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will remain insecure and confused about themselves and the future. Resolving the crisis at this stage of development involves committing to a particular identity. This might involve committing to a career path, deciding what social groups to associate with and even developing a sense of personal style. Those who are successful develop fidelity, a psychological virtue characterized by the ability to relate to others and form genuine relationships.?? This ability plays an important role in the upcoming stage known as intimacy versus isolation. So, what happens to those who do not end up successfully forming an identity at this point in development? Kids who are not allowed to explore and test out different identities might be left with what Erikson referred to as role confusion. These individuals are not sure who they are or what they like. They tend to drift from one job or relationship to another, never really sure what they want to do with their lives. Instead of feeling a sense of personal cohesiveness, they are left feeling disappointed and confused about their place in life.

About Medical Residency and Training After Medical School

Many applicants to medical school dont realize that becoming a doctor is not just a matter of graduating from medical school. A great deal of training occurs after graduation, during residency.   Residency typically lasts three years. It is during residency that you will specialize in a particular field of medicine. Residency by the Year The first year of residency is also known as an internship or first year residency (PGY-1 for post graduate year 1, the first year out of medical school). Interns generally rotate among specialties. During PGY-2, the second year of residency, the doctor continues to learn the field, focusing on a specialty area. Fellowship, PGY-3, is when the doctor trains in a sub-specialty.   Daily Tasks Residents are expected to fulfill several tasks daily. Responsibilities of a resident can include: Rounds (talk to each patient about their care).Rounds with the team: teams include several interns, an upper-level supervising resident, and an attending or teaching physician taking care of certain patients. Students are often questioned/drilled about diseases and treatment techniques. Students are able to speak with each patient about their needs and make suggestions for further diagnostic tests and treatments.Students check in with some patients again and delve deeper into their treatments.Residents leave notes or instructions on each patient including possible problems that may arise for the next shift resident.Attend various lectures and conferences.Study at home and work. Students may admit new patients and are expected to: Prepare a history of the patients medical past.Perform a physical examination.Write their admitting orders, which include instructions for tests and medications. All of this work is accompanied by an average annual salary of   $40,000 to $50,000.

Culce Et Decorum Est and Anthem of the Doomed - 814 Words

â€Å"Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality.† Poetry throughout the ages has influenced change in society and given voice to controversial topics. Wilfred Owen influenced his nation and became a powerful and significant agent of change through his literature as he demonstrated throughout his poetry how war is not something to be glorified yet is a horrific injustice suffered by many. By analysing Dulce Et Decorum Est and Anthem Of The Doomed it can be said that Owen’s significant message is to confront the idea of glorifying war and the patriotic sentiment of trench warfare. The horrific betrayal the young soldiers suffered was a prominent aspect throughout the First World War. The powerful poems inspired from his experience as a young soldier register his criticism of Dulce Et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori, meaning it is sweet and right to die for your country. During this time period, the media, politicians and songwriters praised the corruption that is war. Owen demonstrates through his poetry the propaganda that the media promoted war is. Through this poem Owen’s aim is to change civilian’s idea of war and to stop its glorification. The support and inspiration through Wilfred Owen’s poetry provided a voice for British soldiers and allowed them to recognise the true nature of war. Wilfred Owen’s Dulce Et Decorum Est is a representation of the grim reality that war poses. He

Hitchcock Film Comparison Free Essays

Although they all are their own independent films, there are undoubtedly several similarities between many of Alfred Hitchcock’s workings. Despite that they all may have different plot, the differences between the films are not very significant. There are three different types of Hitchcockian films that were watched in class; a psychological thriller (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Hitchcock Film Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. : Rope, Rear Window), the unexpected action filled plot (i. e. North By Northwest, The Man Who Knew Too Much), and the mix of the two (i. e. : Thirty Nine Steps, Family Plot). The majority of Hitchcock’s action films consist of an unexpecting citizen who ends up on the run for his life and meets an attractive blonde along the way that he becomes romantically involved in. The other type of plot is a more slow paced psychological thriller that takes place in a very confined area. Of course there are chases, illegal activities done by the â€Å"bad guys†, and complications with the romantic pair that keep the first type of film moving at a quick pace, and in the psychological thrillers there is generally a simplistic background given towards the beginning of the film while there is a monumental action that takes place that is followed by a slow but steady plot that builds up to it’s climax at the end of the film. From Rope to Family Plot the Hitchcockian directory style persists throughout the duration of the film grasping the attention ever so tightly of the audience and keeping them uncertain of what is to come until it actually arrives. After becoming a well renown director in the United Kingdom starting in 1921 with silent films and later moving up to â€Å"early talkies†, Alfred Hitchcock moved to Hollywood and became a United States citizen in 1956 in order to further his career. Even after becoming an American citizen, Hitchcock kept a â€Å"British subject† in his work whether or not it was intentional. With an active career that lasted over half of a century, Hitchcock wrote twenty-two titles, stared in thirty-six films, and directed sixty-six films. Because of all of his unique techniques and styles that allowed him to manipulate his audiences into feeling anything from anxiety, fear, empathy, and so on, Hitchcock made quite the name for himself and thus gained the nickname â€Å"The Master of Suspense† while his unique directorial style became known as â€Å"Hitchcockian†. Hitchcock is now considered one of Britain’s greatest directors of all time and came in first in a 2007 poll of film critics in Britain’s Daily Telegraph which referred to him as â€Å"Unquestionably the greatest filmmaker to emerge from these island, Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema, which would be utterly different without him. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information (from his characters and us) and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else. † Despite how well his work is thought of and remembered, Hitchcock’s career actually came to a painstakingly slow halt after the release of Family Plot. After over six decades of directing Hitchcock became unmotivated to direct due to how poorly people received his film Family Plot. Despite his despair, towards the end of his life, Hitchcock had been working on a script for another movie, The Short Night, a projected spy thriller, however it was never filmed due to his lack of motivation, his failing health, and his concern involving his wife’s health. Much after his death, the script was published in a book concerning the final years of Alfred Hitchcock. When thinking back to any one of Hitchcock’s films, many seem to light up and immediately begin discussing which one of them was their favorites, why, and once they find out that someone that they’re talking to hasn’t seen it, they begin to ever so anxiously describe it’s plot and just what makes it as good as it is. Whether or not Hitchcock’s films were as amazing as many consider them, there are undoubtedly many similarities between all of them. However, just because there may be some similarities, this doesn’t make any one of the films bad, it simply makes them similar. Many viewers seemed to like the consistency of being able to go out to the movie theater and watch whatever Hitchcock’s new film may have been without any concern of it being bad; without even being told about the plot, and simply knowing that it will be a quality film undoubtedly worked in Hitch’s favor. Going out and seeing any one of Hitchcock’s movies became like a game in a sense; everyone went in with certain expectations and things that they were both looking for and hoping for. Many found joy in trying to spot Alfred himself somewhere in the film towards the beginning of it whether it be amongst a crowd, walking away from the camera, or whatever it may be. In many ways being a fan of Alfred Hitchcock and seeing his films became more so of a social thing than anything; it gave people something to do and then later talk about with their friends and family. Whether or not this was Hitchcock’s intention, it worked and earned him the respect that he has to this day. As previously stated, one of the reasons that many liked the Hitchcockian films was because of their consistency, however from a critic’s standpoint decades after the hype of Hitchcock, this gives some room for negative assessments of his career and films as a whole. Just because some may have liked the consistency from film to film, certainly doesn’t mean that everyone does, others may consider it repetitive or even predictable if they’ve seen some of his other work. For example, although many of Hitchcock’s films are considered to be quality films, when compared to his others, those same films may be less appreciated because their uniqueness is taken away due to their numerous similarities. North By Northwest is undoubtedly an amazing film that is filled with suspense, love, action, and hope for our hero, many would consider The Man Who Knew Too Much to be predictably similar. In both cases an innocent middle aged white U. S. itizen finds himself in the middle of a dangerous, complex, and legally taboo situation through no fault of his own. Both films are very similar in the roller-coaster of emotions that they put the audience through and leave them with the same feelings and emotions by the end of the film. The same is true for Rope and Rear Window however instead of an action packed romantic feature film, the audience is brought through the more dark and scary course of events that follow one or two main characters. With the psychological thrillers there is much more of a realistic and closer to home feeling rather than with the action films. The same is true for Psycho, so much so that most of those who watched it were left terrified, disturbed, and with an erie feeling about hotels for some time after. Just like Rope and Rear Window, Psycho takes place primarily in one location and is paced slowly but with a deep and dark plot that strikes fear and concern into the hearts of most who watch it. Despite the fact that most of his films fall into one of the two previously mentioned categories, there is of course the shade of grey in Hitchcock’s other films; they are the ones that have more of a mix of action and romance but also consist of psychological torment and suspense. There will always be comparisons between certain things, especially so if there is something as similar as the same director to begin with, however there are always exceptions and middle grounds that end up surprising those who think that they know exactly what to expect. How to cite Hitchcock Film Comparison, Essay examples

Coming To America Essay Example For Students

Coming To America Essay Coming to the United States and meeting a tone of new people naturally include introducing oneself quite a number of times. I will happily introduce myself another time, however today is slightly different. Who introduce themselves and talk about their two faces? Nobody  ¦. but for the first time of my life, I will share with you through my writing, things that I never told anyone, things that Id like to keep to myself or things that I prefer forgetting. To start, my name is Sarah Neufcourt and I am from Ivry-sur-seine, a small peaceful town next to our capital, Paris. I spent five years of life there, and then moved to Toulouse, in the south of France. This is the place I care the most, maybe because the people I met were incredible. However, I moved again but further away, thousands of miles away, keeping those memories in my hearth. I still dont know if I made the right decision to come to Virginia. However, now I am a raising junior in Lee high school. What people see in me is only what I show them, the mask I created to hide under. I think I act differently depending with who I am. From the outside the first impression people have might be that I am shy, athletic, organize and not really girly. Furthermore, many people think that I am a genius but I am definitively not, it is just because I learned much more when I was in France. However, the more I know about you, the more you know about me and the closer you get to the real me. To be honest, I am actually talkative, girly when I want, not organize at all. I am friendly and sweet with the people I adore. This is the way I see myself but who knows it might be another picture that I formed. Even it is my real personality I think it develops itself as my life goes, so in a few years it might change. Things that I do also are parts of my personality. So I love to listen to music while looking at the clouds and remember my past. I enjoy playing sports, especially tennis. It is a hobby and a passion. During my free time I like to read poems and books and also write about everything. Writing is a way to express myself. I usually write the best when I am mad at something or that I think something is unfair. I am involved in different clubs that helps my school and my community. I am always willing to help someone because I think if I do not aid someone who will. Finally, I hope my life will have a good impact on another. I met so many people that influence me and encourage me. But the two people, that have always been present for me and will always be, are parents. They have shown me the right way in direction to a successful present and future. They have given me everything they have, including love. I think that they are the people that inspire me the most. I admire them because they started with nothing and became a nurse and an anesthetic nurse. I am proud of them and hope that they are proud of me. I wish to make them even prouder as I grow up. To end this writing, I wanted to share my goal and tell you hopefully how my future will look like. I want to be veterinarian even if I know the journey is long and hazardous. First, I need to graduate from high school and then enter in a college for 4 years to earn different science and math credit. It will probably be Virginia Tech. And then, I will apply in a veterinarian school and study for 4 more years. I hope to have a scholarship for college, so I am working hard and doing my best. Finally, I will do my maximum to stay the same, have a bright future and make my parents proud.

Gatsby and Nicks Friendship free essay sample

Gatsby’s life, his dreams, and his failures; all summed up by one last line. Nick likens Gatsby’s struggles unto a boat, possibly having a connection with the birth of Gatsby being on a boat (Dan Cody’s yacht), and yet paraphrases his difficulties. The tide of life is different upon where you are sailing, and Gatsby sailed in treacherous waters. His affiliation into wealthy society begins by his own driving force, his dream to be reunited with Daisy again, yet this time with actual wealth. He beats on against a current that is the world’s uncaring for his actual being. Before his wealth, Gatz was nothing, although Gatsby was made by his money; very similar to Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein monster’s philosophy of being nothing for he had nothing. Gatsby went against all currents, and yet was brought down by his own anchor: Daisy. Her ignorant lifestyle and purely despicable being brought about Gatsby’s demise by her own selfishness. We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby and Nicks Friendship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gatsby falls upon his sword for her, whose funeral is only attended by Nick and a brief pass in by Gatsby’s father. Gatsby went to great lengths to fulfill his delusion of reunion with Daisy, and in doing so accumulated a grandiose wealth that matched that of the Buchanan dynasty. However is ceaseless attempt of making things as they were, as they couldn’t be, and as they would never become. Gatsby’s never-ending fairy tale that he bears ceaselessly into the past was farce. The failure of Gatsby had not brought down the giant among men. Gatsby had been befriended by the only trustworthy character in the novel, Nick Carraway. Gatsby hadn’t seen the achievement that he had attained by his monstrous dream that never ended. His wish to be with Daisy for eternity. Nobel but futile were the wishes of Jay Gatsby, and yet he beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.

Marcus Tullius Cicero essays

Marcus Tullius Cicero essays Marcus Tullius Cicero was born in the year 106 BC. He was also known in English as Tully. Most of his education was received while he was under the age of twenty-one. As a child Marcus Tullius Cicero was part of a wealthy family. When he became old enough to begin his education, his father moved to Rome and Marcus Tullius Cicero received the best educations possible at the time that wealthy Roman people could afford. After his schooling, his main occupations were poet and philosopher, but he also possessed skills in journalism and law. He was known for being humorous and profound at the same time. As a lawyer, he defended one young man from the evil nature of the dictator, Sulla (see other paper). His skills also served the people while he was a politician. He achieved a position that was considered the highest possible among Roman public officials and it was called the res publica. Soon afterwards he became involved in many legal affairs and his many accomplishments impacted Rome in many positive ways. For example, in 69 BC he prosecuted a public official named Verres who was known to practice corrupt politics. In 63 BC, he suppressed a large Catinlinarian conspiracy. These accomplishments made him a consul that was both well known and well respected by the vast majority of the Roman public. His position in the Senate was well respected as well. But despite his reputation, he was eventually exiled from Rome due to his refusal to join the First Triumvirate of the Roman Empire. He believed that such a political body was immoral and equivalent to a dictatorship. But, refusing to submit to the evils of Roman politics, many years after his exile, he came back as a senator to continue his career. He lived a healthy life right up until his last years, when he died an un-natural death. After he lead the senate against Marc Antony following the fall of the first Triumvirate, he was assassinated for his opposition. He...

Review of Chapter 6 Ecclesiology TheChurch as Communion and Mission Essay

Review of Chapter 6 Ecclesiology TheChurch as Communion and Mission - Essay Example If one draws a connection between this particular chapter and the course, one will be able to see that it might serve as a valuable source for it. Thus, the reading contains a broad perspective on the role of the Church in the contemporary social environment and shows the audience ways in which the modern technological progress many be harmonized with the eternal ideas that are promoted by the Church of Christ. In addition to that, the chapter in question contains valuable insights into the ways modern Christians should behave themselves and the manner in which they should promote their faith in order to be understood as well as accepted by other people. Other than broad recommendations it contains several practical recommendations that can be easily implemented by a person in one’s daily life. It may be particularly important to recall some of the major points that are brought up by the author in the course of the chapter. To begin with, it is suggested that Christians should not view their faith is something secluded and reserved for religious life only. In other words, going to Church or praying at home is not the only suitable way to manifest oneself as a Christian. This means that faith might be expressed through various small activities which are performed by a person on a daily basis. The author puts emphasis that the ideas which were crucial in the times of foundation of the Church have not lost their significance at the present day as well. The author uses different parts of the New Testament in order to prove that one of the main goals of Christians is to spread the word of God and make sure that every person who suffers from difficult conditions of life is relieved. The author provides the reader with quotes from Luke and John in order to prove the validity of h is words. The next major point that is being discussed in the chapter

Convincing the selection committee of the college Essay

Convincing the selection committee of the college - Essay Example A scholarship essay needs you to recount your personal experiences; your major accomplishments, academic and extra-curricular, of the past. The scholarship essay should ideally highlight skills and qualities that make you different and more eligible for the scholarship than the others. Considering these elements of a scholarship essay you may be tempted to conjure up a scholarship essay by yourself, but on the other hand taking into account the importance of a scholarship essay, the fact that it can help you to get that coveted scholarship, it is better not to take any chances. Hence it will extremely wise of you if leave the writing of the scholarship essay in our able and professional hands. Not only do we know the general rules of writing a scholarship essay, but we actually can write the scholarship essay that is especially suited for your purposes and that will secure you that admission you have been yearning for. In the many years that we have been in service we have written innumerable custom scholarship essays and on all these occasions our assistance proved indispensable to students like you. Our team of professional and highly competent writers all with British educational backgrounds is fully aware of what it takes to write an impressive and winning scholarship essay. All you have to do is send in the details of how you want your custom essay to be written and some information about your personal achievements and the skills and qualities that you possess and leave the rest to our writers. All our writers are professionals with at least three or more years of experience in this field. All our writers are British graduates and post-graduates, specialising in their individual fields.

Critic The Pestel Analysis As Model Commerce Essay

Critic The Pestel Analysis As Model Commerce Essay The topic of the project concerns research questions, which are based on previous observations over Bohemia Travel Agency. It is an interesting topic to follow, because of the arising opportunities for the company. With the long years of experience in the tourism sector, the company has already created image and during the whole years that positive image increased the profitability of the company. While becoming a leader on the market, the travel agency increased the potential of its performance, so that is the main reason of choosing the certain company and the researched questions. The investigation of finding solution to these research questions are strictly related to pursuing an appropriate theories. These theories bind together with appropriate analysis will open the future paths for increasing the business performance of the company. As mentioned in the problem formulation and the methodology the project will harshly follow the strategy of the travel agency and based on the strategic direction and choices, we will find a better ways for the company to develop and expand its business. The usage of the theory will start with examination of the macro-environment. The analysis is the first step of the planning process, as it helps to identify issues to be removed in the development and implementation of effectiveness in the business development. In this sense, it is crucial to examine the microenvironment and immediate impact on the organization. The most commonly used technique is the so-called PESTEL analysis divides the entire external environment of six segments, thus covering almost everything that can affect the organization. These six areas are: economic, political, social, technological, environmental and legal. The thing that should be considered when one PESTEL analysis is conducted is to identify the environmental factors that affect the organization in the long term, and arrange them in order of importance. When the organization develops the strategy, there is a variety of important factors they have to consider. We are going to take a look at all the factors that affect the economic environment and examine the relationship between business and the environment. This part will explain the key macro-economic variables that affect the business of the organization and will identify the trends in these variables. The PESTEL model will assess how changes might affect the company and will evaluate the strategies that the company might deploy in response. Thus, we are using that model in our research. The plan of action of the travel agency could be always ruined by the external economic changes, thus the PESTEL analysis will help us in finding out the appropriate solution for the further strate gic choices. According to Farnham (1999), the PESTEL and Porters (1980) five forces model provide a useful start for analysis the external environment and providing a crucial set of inputs for strategic development and implementation. (P. Rudolpf, 2005) It is important to critic the PESTEL analysis as model, because it clarifies the external factors of the company, but these factors (Lynch 2006) are viewed as almost uncontrollable. In addition (Sutton 1988) suggests that analysis of the external environment is undertaken to gain competitive advantage and improve long and short term planning. McMillan and Tampoe, (2000) state that the PESTEL framework represents a guide to the general environment but is based only historical data and the past, but it refers to forces of changes in the environment and can be used to forecast the future. In other words, understanding changes taking place currently is an important guide to anticipating the future (Fahey, 1986). (Aguilar 1967; Choo and Auster 1993) suggest that the external environment in relation to an organisation or business is where information that is of critical importance can be analysed. This in turn will help the strategic planning and future development of the organisations future. Organisations and businesses choose to analyse the external environment in order to understand forces out with the business or organisation that can change a proposed strategy instantly. Organisations and businesses do this in order to avoid any surprises and in turn identify threats and opportunities. Such as the SWOT/TOWS analysis, the PESTEL analysis has been discussed and proposed as an excellent tool by many authors and researchers (Lynch, Sutton, Farnham. In addition (Sutton 1988) suggests that analysis of the external environment is undertaken to gain competitive advantage and improve long and short term planning. Moreover (Lynch 2006) asserts that external factors outside the business or organization are viewed as almost uncontrollable. In addition we will say that conducting the PESTEL analysis will be much more reliable than any other models, because it strongly influences our further strategic choices. The next step of in understanding the firms competitiveness is to look at the competitive arena in an industry. Porter five forces model is created by Michael Porter in Harvard University (1979). The aim of the model is to analyze the industry in order to identify the level of intensity regarding the competition and attractiveness of the industry. A good technique for analysing the microenvironment is Porters five forces model that helps to identify the level of competition in an industry (Stonehouse, 2001). However, it is essential, by using this model, to consider the characteristics of the industry in regard to technological and economical environmental aspects and the influence of the government in regulation competition (Porter, 1980). According to variety of authors (Porter, Kotler, Lynch, Hollensen etc.) the external environment should be accompanied with competition analysis. That is why our next step will be based on the authors advices. In our case, that is the Porters five forces analysis. As already described in the methodology part (see the previous chapter above), the Porters five forces are going to clarify our picture of the competition in the tourism sector of the chosen travel agency. One of the most useful frameworks for analyzing the competitive structure has been developed by Porter. Porter (1980) suggests that competition in an industry is rooted in its underlying economic structure and goes beyond the bahaviour of current competitors. (Hollensen, 2010) As we can see, one of the authors following the Porters model is Svend Hollensen, who as an Associate Professor can confirm the benefits of using the Porters five forces as a constructive model of analyzing the competition in the industry. Moreover (Hollensen, 2010) asserts that the goal of competition analysis is to find a position in industry where the company can best defend itself against the five forces, or can influence them in its favour. If we agree with Hollensen (2010), there will be two possible outlines for our travel agency positive and negative. But no matter of the final results, in overall, the analysis will ensure and confirm our further strategic choices and will influences on our proposal of investment plan. Michael Porters five forces model was also harmed of other authors criticism, such as Lynch who says that the model assumes that there are no changes in the industrial environment but in fact the market is very flexible. This is shown for example on the enormous growth of the e-commerce sector. If you use this tool, you have to repeat this analysis continuously. (Lynch, 2009, p. 101-102) The main reasons why Porters five forces has endured much criticism are that the world radical economic changes has occurred since the time the model has been developed; there is a very strong impact of internet on the industry. Of course, the recent years, there are authors, investigating the strategic planning in the business and one of them Larry Downes stated that Porters five forces are no longer viable. Due to that reason, Downes has developed three new forces, which are: Digitalization, Globalization, and Deregulation. Downes insists that Porters five forces model is obsolete. Downes arguments are convincing. In fact, digitalization, globalization and deregulation have become powerful forces during the last years, but Porters models rarely take them into consideration. Todays markets are highly influenced by technological progress, especially in information technology. Therefore, it is not advisable if not to say impossible to develop a strategy solely on the basis of Porters models. (Recklies, 2008) Downes critique of Porter implies that Porters models focus too much on the economic conditions of their era of origin. Therefore, their viability is limited under changed conditions. We need to add here that Downes new forces are derived from the economic conditions of their particular era too. Within some years or decades, they will have lost some of their importance because other developments have taken over the driving role. (Downes, 1997) Further criticism comes from those who say the model simply provides a snapshot of an industry, rather than a more dynamic picture which says something about the future, and can be more readily translated to strategy. Lawton argues, however, that the idea of assessing substitutes does bring dynamism, highlighting where the challenges will come from. Then there are those who criticise the model for having missed out a vital stage in the process of assessing the market. Lampel says: It doesnt explain how to define the industry, and sometimes that is a tricky question. Porter picked industries that were easy to identify, but a lot of people get the industry wrong, so the analysis is worthless. Some people argue that defining the industry is the critical input of knowing where you stand. (SPS, Nov. 2009) However, some criticism has been made that the five forces are an analytical tool and rather static. Rumelt, (1991) suggested that companies have company-specific preferences of strategic development regarding profitability, which has lager influences than the competitive forces of environment. Furthermore, the five forces largely ignores the human resources aspects of strategy (Farnham, 1999), which will be of increasing importance in the future. But still we can stick to the proving of PESTEL analysis combined with Porters five forces, because as Thomas Lawton, professor of strategic management at Cranfield says: In a sense transposing the PESTLE ideas onto the Five Forces is the best way. (SPS, Nov. 2009) The very next theoretical model conducted in our project will be SWOT/TOWS analysis. The SWOT analysis is a rottenly used strategic tool in bigger or smaller organizations. It examines the internal and external environment of a company and gives a clearer picture for an organization of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis is developed by Albert Humphrey, who named the strategic tool alternately SWOT Matrix. The matrix is also described by (Jobber and Fahey 2006) as the structured approach to evaluating the strategic position of a business or organisation by identifying its strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats. (Lynch 2006) furthers the view of (Jobber and Fahey 2006) by suggesting that the SWOT analysis is how a business or organisation can further their development from the PEST and Porters Analysis and make an amalgamation of the analysis of the internal and external environment by doing the SWOT analysis. On the other hand, the SWOT has end ured a lot of criticism of variety of authors and researchers, working in the field. In relation to the external factors of the SWOT analysis (Johnson Et al 2009) suggest that the analysis of opportunities and threats is extremely valuable when the organisation or business is looking to formulate a proposed strategic plan for the future. Other criticism is provided by (Mintzberg 1994) who suggests that SWOT is the main cause of what is considered there an excessive formalization of the strategy making process. Many authors (Baramuralikrishna and Dugger 1998; David 1997; Hill and Westbrook 1997; Johnson et al 1989; Thompson and Strickland 1998; Wheelan and Hunger 1998) suggests that this usage rarely amounts to much more than a poorly structured, very general, hastily conducted exercise that produces unverified, vague and inconsistent inventories of factors regarded by the proposing individuals as most important components of their organizations strategic situation. Most of the SWOT critics are arguing that the matrix is too superficial and basic. It does not provide detailed analysis of a company and many times it is used in a wrong way. Due to much criticism and conflicts between authors about the SWOT analysis, we decided to conduct the TOWS matrix represented and developed by Heinz Weihrich, Professor of Management, University of San Francisco. He writes a detailed article about TOWS analysis, also called The TOWS Matrix A Tool for Situational Analysis. (Heinz Weihrich, GODINA) has two main purposes One is to review general considerations in strategic planning and the second to introduce the TOWS Matrix for matching the environmental threats and opportunities with the companys weaknesses and especially its strengths. These factors per se are not new; what is new is systematically identifying relationships between these factors and basing strategies on them. There is little doubt that strategic planning will gain greater prominence in the future. In his article Heinz Weihrich is describing in details the ways of usage the matrix and the main benefits of using the matrix. In contrast of the SWOT analysis, the TOWS one is much more reliable and appropriate to conduct in our project, because it is focused in analyzing the company in much more details and gives much flawless picture of how to turn the weaknesses into strengths and the threats into opportunities. The TOWS matrix is combining the whole four outlines of the matrix and creates the opportunity of better observation into the internal and external factors influencing the company. Even sometimes the threats could ruin the forecasting, the TOWS help the company to forecast easily and once understood the strengths and the weaknesses, the company could find better future opportunities to develop. The relation between providing TOWS and the other strategic tools PESTEL analysis and Porter dive forces is that all the models and theories are bind together in building the most appropriate path for the company to find the most accurate strategy for the better performance of the company. The very next strategic tool of the project is the model of Igor Ansoff, who created the product-mission matrix, in other word the so-called Ansoff matrix. The matrix allows companies to realize the risk component of various growth strategies, including product versus market development, and diversification. The Ansoff matrix presents the product and market choices available to an organization. Herein markets may be defined as customers, and products as items sold to customers (Lynch, 2003). When developing the Ansoff matrix, the inventor Igor Ansoff aimed to measure the growth of risk that the company might take when choosing different directions of strategy. According to the matrix, we can say that the more different the territory is, the higher risk is taken. Managers of organizations should be aware of how to manage the risk appropriately and to take into considerations the right decisions. The Ansoff matrix helps the company to increase its profit by entering in new business oce ans. The strategies taken by a company may have huge consequences and that is why the risk should be observed carefully. However, due to these reasons in our project we will conduct an analysis over Ansoff matrix and will see how the strategies will work for it and for its future performance. As also known, the Ansoff matrix was developed 1957, but a few years later the Igor Ansoff realized that his work was not unique, because a similar matrix was developed earlier.Moreover few years after Ansoff matrix was much criticized by Henry Mintzberg, who didnt like the idea of strategy being built from planning, which is supported by analytical techniques.

Hpv Controversy

Whitney Sienko McInnis December 6, 2007 â€Å"HPV Vaccine Controversy† The recent news of a vaccine that could prevent a large percent of cancer deaths in the United States alone would generally be considered a reason to celebrate. However, the current attempts of many states, including the governor of Texas, Rick Perry, to pass an ordinance making it mandatory for preteen girls to have the Gardasil vaccine to protect them from some of the forms of cervical cancer caused by HPV has met a great deal of opposition. The objections to this legislation getting passed are primarily voiced by concerned parents who believe that the vaccination is too new to the market and that the long term effects are still too unknown.. This essay will discuss what genital HPV is and how it causes cancer in women, will describe the Gardasil shot and the attempts to make it a mandatory vaccine inoculation for schools in the United States and will detail both sides of the controversy surrounding it. Though the benefits of this vaccine could greatly outweigh the risks, the governor attempting to force a mandate requiring the vaccine to be given to all sixth grade girls could be considered an imposition on parents’ right to choose what is best for their children. Genital HPV is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the human papillomavirus (â€Å"Genital HPV Infectionâ€Å"), a group of viruses that contains more than 100 strains, 30 of which are sexually transmitted. This disease is spread by genital contact, and the carrier generally has no signs or symptoms of the infection. The only way to fully protect oneself from contracting HPV is to have no genital contact with another person. That is why it is no surprise that more than 20 million people currently have this infection and that 50 percent of sexually active persons will contract it at some point in their life. There is no cure for HPV, but it is possible for the infection to go away on its own. Though it is usually an asymptomatic infection, it occasionally causes genital warts and mild discomfort, but the greatest danger of this infection is in the ten identified strains that have been linked to cervical cancer in women. Most of the deaths caused by cervical cancer are in women who did not undergo routine pap smears to check for abnormalities. Since persons infected with HPV rarely show any signs or symptoms of an infection, it is often detected too late if at all. It is estimated by the American Cancer Society that in 2007, approximately 11,150 cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the United States, and, though the death rate is declining every year because of an increase in pap smear testing, cervical cancer will still kill about 3,670 women this year (â€Å"What is cervical cancer? †). Development of a vaccine to protect against HPV began in 1993, and the trials for the Gardasil vaccine itself began in 1997. After only nine years of testing, Merck submitted an application to the FDA for fast-track approval (CQ Researcher 419). It took only four clinical trials before the FDA approved Gardasil (Mendenhall), and the drug was approved by the FDA for only eight months before it was first mandated. Gardasil is used to prevent HPV and the cervical cancers that are caused by certain strains of the virus, such as types 16 and 18 which are responsible for about 70 percent of all cervical cancers diagnosed in the United States (McClain). It also protects against two of the strains that are known to cause genital warts. Gardasil was licensed in June 2006, and within a month states such as Michigan were already proposing to mandate the vaccine for girls as young as eleven. In February 2007, Texas governor Rick Perry ordered the vaccine for sixth-grade girls (â€Å"Texas Plans for Mandatory HPV Vaccine Fuel Controversy† ), only to have more than two-thirds of the Texas House of Representatives vote to rescind the executive order (Lang). In response to the twenty two states that were proposing to mandate this vaccine, Representative Paul Gingrey from Georgia reintroduced the Parental Right to Decide Protection Act (CQ Researcher 419). There are many reasons that this vaccine could be beneficial, not only to our society, but to many of the underdeveloped nations of the world in which HPV and cervical cancer are still considered to be an epidemic (MacDonald). It could save the young women who get the vaccine from the future trouble of ealing with a highly invasive cancer, as well as protect them from the embarrassment that comes with contracting a venereal disease. However, the controversy of this topic is not in whether the vaccine is a benefit to women’s health, which many, including the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control, believe that it is; but in the debate over whether it is the parents’ right, not the states’, to choose what is best for their child. The question of mandatory vaccination raises medical, moral and legal issues that are not easily reconcilable (Lovinger). Many parents are opposed to the mandating of this vaccine for three reasons. First, HPV is not spread by casual contact, as are the other diseases that children are vaccinated against for the safety of the classrooms. Second, the vaccine has only been approved for a short while, thus not all of the side effects and long term effects are known. Last, parents are afraid that by getting their child vaccinated against a sexually transmitted disease they will be encouraging promiscuity. Gardasil would become the first vaccine mandated for school-aged children that targets a microbe spread primarily through sex. (Wallis) Many have questioned whether an STD vaccine should be required for school attendance, since genital HPV is sexually transmitted as opposed to being spread by casual contact. Whooping cough, polio, Hepatitis and measles are just a few of the vaccines that children must already have in order to attend many public schools, and all of these infections are easily spread either by being in contact or close proximity of someone who is infected (CQ Researcher 415). These infections are all rapidly spread and have the possibility of becoming an epidemic at a school, which is the reason that it is necessary for children to have them. You cannot get genital HPV by shaking hands or sitting next to another child in class, so there is insufficient reason for the vaccine to be mandatory for school attendance (CQ Researcher 416). If parents’ would like to willingly give their daughter the shot, then it is a family choice. Also, there is still much uncertainty about the inoculation’s long-term safety and the possibility of dangerous side effects. While the most common complaint by girls that have received the shot is pain at the site of injection, a national watchdog group using the Freedom of Information Act has uncovered more than 1,600 reports to the FDA of â€Å"adverse events† linked to Gardasil, with 371 of those events being ranked as â€Å"serious†. These â€Å"effects† included three deaths from blood clots and heart problems, which Merck was quick to explain away by blaming birth control pills and pre-existing conditions. Other reactions included paralysis, seizures and fainting (McClain). There has also been some debate on the means in which the trials to test the drug were conducted. The clinical studies done only included 1,200 girls under the age of 16. Barbara Loe Fisher, co-founder and president of the National Vaccine Information Center is concerned about these studies as well and she stated, â€Å"That is just not enough information. What is the scientific evidence that it is safe and effective to use in the age group for which it is recommended? If you look at it on balance, it has not been proven. † Diane Harper, director of the Gynecological Cancer Prevention Researcher Group at Dartmouth Medical School called the inoculations â€Å"a great big public health experiment. Many parents are upset at the thought of their children becoming the â€Å"guinea pigs† for this vaccine and are concerned about the many stories that they have heard or read in the news about the possible long-term effects and the side effects that may not be mentioned on the pamphlets at the doctor’s offices (Gulli, George and Intini). Finally, many parents are con cerned that they will be sending the wrong message to their children by giving them a shot to protect against an STD. Some people have raised the issue that we could be sending teenagers the message that we expect them to be sexually active. A study done by the University of North Carolina showed that one in ten parents was concerned that the vaccination would encourage their children to have more sex (â€Å"Will Teenage Girls Have More Sex? †). Though the abstinence based teaching of sexual education in our country falls many times on the deaf ears of the hormone-run youth of society, forcing every student, even those who may not be at risk, to have the Gardasil shot is somewhat extreme. Overall, this is a decision that needs to be made in the home, not in the courtroom. In conclusion, the controversy surrounding this topic is more a battle of family right to choose verses the state government’s level of involvement in the health of our children. Once the vaccine’s long term effects have been more studied and the vaccine has earned a more respected reputation, I believe that people will grow to accept that it is simply another way to protect those that we love from a devastating disease. However, it should be the decision of the parents in cooperation with their child’s physician of when and how to protect our children from such obstacles in life. Though the Gardasil vaccine is a victory in protecting the lives and bodies of women all around the world, forcing nine year old girls to have the Gardasil shot as an obligation to school attendance is overstepping the boundaries between a family’s choice and the will of an unacceptably paternalistic government. Word Count: 1678 Sienko

Lessons from Invictus

Invictus: Lessons about Leadership The movie Invictus provides a plethora of lessons about good leadership. First, the movie teaches us about how a good leader leads by example. This is because he/she know how important it is to people look up to them. An example set by the leader helps to drive people ahead when they see that what they are being told to do is in fact possible. The second lesson that the movie teaches about leadership is that a leader does not delve in to the self-serving act of revenge. This is because he/she recognize that the needs of the many must come before his.The third lesson is that a leader has a lot of belief in the goodness of others. He/she truly believe that given a fair chance people can reform and turn for the good. The forth lesson that the movie teaches us is that a leader must have a lot of self-belief. As a result when faced with adversity a leader will never back down. In fact he/she will further strengthen their resolve a push forward even harde r. The fifth lesson is that a leader know that he/she can alone work towards the fulfillment of the vision. Thus, when the need arises, a leader learns to trust the abilities of those who work for him by delegating.The sixth lesson that the movie teaches us is that a good leader give due importance to every one of his followers, no matter how seemingly small their role might be. This is because he/she know that every little bit matters and thus each individual must be give respect. The seventh lesson is that a leader must combine his /her vision with action as the leader realizes that a vision without it is impotent. The eight lesson the movie teaches is that a leader has a very clear vision about where he/she wants to go.This results in high self-belief and at times results in leaps of faith, when the situation demands it. The ninth lesson that the movie teaches us is that a leader is humble both in victory and defeat. This is particularly true in victory where he/she never claims the victory for him/her self but rather a victory for all. The final lesson that I have learned from this movie is that a true leader is truly passionate about his/her vision. Thus a leader is all about self-sacrifice for the fulfillment of his/her goals, despite all odds and adversities.

Mother Tongue - 767 Words

Mother Tongue, by Amy Tan Comprehension 1. What Tan is classifying in this essay is the different kinds of English she uses. 2. Tan identify the different categories she discusses in â€Å"Mother Tongue† almost in the last paragraph, where she named all the kind of English she uses. 3. Tan does illustrate each category she identifies 4. Some specific situations where Tan says her mother’s â€Å"limited English† was a handicap is when her mother could not be able to talk directly with people, or would not be taken serious by the people she talked to. 5. One of the effects that her mother’s limited English has had on Tan’s life is the fact that, that was the language that helped shape the way she saw things, expressed things, and†¦show more content†¦Style and Structure 1. This essay’s style is relatively informal. I do not think a more formal style would strengthen her credibility, at least not necessarily, because more than anything, she narrates a personal experience. 2. In paragraph 6, Tan quotes a passage of her mother’s speech. With this quotation, the purpose that she wants to serve is show how her mother uses the English language to express herself. 3. In paragraphs 10 through 13, Tan juxtaposes her mother’s English with her own. The point these quoted passages make is to show how different was her mother’s English from her English. 4. Considerer the expression Mother Tongue in Tan’s title. This expression usually refers to the first language learned at home in childhood. In this case, I think it has a literally meaning, it refers to her mother tongue in specific. 5. In paragraph 20, Tan quotes a â€Å"terrible line† from an early draft of part of her novel The Joy Luck Club. I suppose she quote this line to give an example of she used to write. This line is different from the writing style she uses in â€Å"Mother Tongue† in the complexity; â€Å"Mother Tongue† is easier to read. Vocabulary Projects Nominalized: To convert (another part of speech) into a noun, as in changing the adjective lowly into the lowly or the verb legalize into legalization. // to convert (an underlying clause) into a noun phrase, as in changing he drinks to his drinkingShow MoreRelatedMother Tongue1199 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Mother Tongue† written by Amy Tan â€Å"So easy to read†(p.4). Amy Tan ends her essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue† with this short and even grammatically wrong sentence. She tells us this mother’s brief review is a proof of success of her writing. Why does she think that easiness is an essence of her writing? She suggests answers to this question by her essay. In her essay, Amy Tan effectively convinces her readers that â€Å"broken English† is not an inferior language, but justRead MoreMother Tongue Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesmulticultural people in the world today. For many, the choices of which language they use, and how they use it, correspond to what social or cultural community they belong to. Amy Tan, a Chinese American novelist, portrays this well in her short essay Mother Tongue. Tan grew up in two vastly different worlds, using different Englishes. The first world, which consists of her close family, she speaks what we may call broken or limited English. The second world, which is her business and professionalRead MoreMother Tongue Essay644 Words   |  3 Pagesin her story, â€Å"Mother Tongue†. Tan uses pathos to portray to her audience how through her experiences with her mother and the Chinese language she came to realize who she wanted to be and how she wanted to write. In â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Tan discusses the many ways in which the language that she was taught affected her life. Throughout the story, she describes her relationship with her mother, who speaks â€Å"broken† English, and how her perception of language has changed due to her mother. Whenever TanRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan1553 Words   |  7 Pages(Date) â€Å"Mother Tongue† Response Essay In the essay â€Å"Mother Tongue,† Amy Tan emphasizes the idea that the language we are taught in childhood plays an important role in our lives. She writes about the profound effect language has on her life and how she is inspired by her mother’s â€Å"impeccable broken English† to become a writer (317). Tan describes her mother as an educated person who can read sophisticated and technical literature written in English with ease. However, Tan’s mother is oftenRead MoreMother Tongue, by Amy Tan819 Words   |  4 Pagesas â€Å"broken† and â€Å"fractured†, Amy Tan’s love for language allowed her to embrace the variations of English that surrounded her. In her short essay â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Tan discusses the internal conflict she had with the English learned from her mother to that of the English in her education. Sharing her experiences as an adolescent posing to be her mother for respect, Tan develops a frustration at the difficulty of not being taken seriously due to one’s inability to speak the way society expects. DisallowingRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan1306 Words   |  6 Pages Mother Tongue is a story that describes how Amy Tan’s mother was treated unfairly because of her â€Å"broken English†. As the second generation of Chinese immigrants, Tan faces more problems than her peers do. H er mom, who speaks â€Å"limited† English, needs Tan to be her â€Å"translator† in order to communicate with the native English speakers. Tan has felt ashamed of her mother â€Å"broken† language at first. She then contemplates her background affected her life and her study. However, she changes her thoughtRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan883 Words   |  4 PagesIn Amy Tan’s essay â€Å"Mother Tongue,† it is obvious that language plays an enormous role in our life. Language can influence and give us an insight into another culture different from our own. Amy Tan discusses the many ways in which the language she was taught and native to was important and powerful throughout her life. Language can be defined in various forms, but I hold and acknowledge Amy Tan’s explanation: â€Å"Language can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth.† I canRead MoreMother Tongue By Demetria Martinez1448 Words   |  6 Pa gesAs the words of our founding fathers, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is the American dream that many pursue, whether immigrated to the United States or born here. Within Demetria Martinez’s book, Mother Tongue, a novel, the character named Jose Luis flees from El Salvador to the United States in order to escape it’s brutal civil war. His choice to flee El Salvador and enter the United States under a false name places him in a difficult situation, both in his moral abandonment of hisRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan1375 Words   |  6 PagesTan, Mother Tongue Language is what allows humans to be creative. Creative in the way we express ourselves, creative in the way we put our ideas forward, creative in the way we correspond with each other and in the way we can touch each other’s lives. It is truly a gift that the other species of our world do not possess, at least not to the extent that humans do! Amy Tan is an American writer and her works probe the Chinese-American experience, especially the relationship between a mother andRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan967 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Amy Tan describes the several different kinds of English her that she speaks. It is an interesting concept to think about the fact that more than one variation of a single language exist. After reading â€Å"Mother Tongue† I began looking at my own life and seeing if I could recognize the different variation of English that I have come in contact with. After some serious thought, I realized that I have not only come into contact with many different kinds of English, but I speak many

Violent Media Essay - 1316 Words

Gerard Jones is quite a fan of The Hulk and Tarzan comic books. In his essay â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† Jones argues that the violence in those and other comics teach valuable lessons that will help children understand difficult emotions. Jones states that in â€Å"try (ing) to protect our children from their own feelings and fantasies, we shelter them not against violence but against power and selfhood.† Throughout the essay Jones relies on personal anecdotes that reveal his opinions about violence in comics and other media instead of citing formal research. Jones’ personal experience is that violent media is not generally harmful, and fills an important place in childhood imagination and play. It is true that as children we find†¦show more content†¦Social psychologist Brad Bushman at Ohio State University showed students violent pictures as part of a study: one picture was of a man shoving a gun down another man s throat; another was of a man holding a knife to a woman s throat. What we found is for people who were exposed to a lot of violent video games, their brains did not respond to the violent images, Bushman said. They were numb, if you will.[3] I believe that this numbness is what the concern about violence in the media is based on. It concerns society because of the potential threat to society posed by learned violence. Chris Ferguson, a psychologist at Texas AM International University said Many of the [video] games do have morally objectionable material and I think that is where a lot of the debate on this issue went off the rails, we kind of mistook our moral concerns about some of these video games, which are very valid — and then assumed that what is morally objectionable is harmful.[4] I personally find it hard to view the Tarzan comic books that got Jones’ son to climb a tree in the same category as Call of Duty. I think that the potential impact of much media has been exaggerated. Towards the end of his essay Jones mentions that he cannot argue that violent media is completely harmless saying â€Å"I think it [violent entertainment] has helped inspire some people to real-life violence. I am going to argue that it’s helped hundreds of of people for every one it’s hurt, and that it can helpShow MoreRelatedViolent Media Is Good for Kids Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesViolent Media is Good for Kids Analysis From infancy onward, parents and teachers have drilled into the young generation that violence should be avoided at all costs. They have preached cooperation, tolerance, and â€Å"using one’s words† as tactics to combat difficult situations. Although those lessons are valid, Gerald Jones claims there is an alternative way. 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Research Critique 2 Patient Falls - 1128 Words

Research Critique, Part 2 Jennifer Bullard Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS433 Martha Schmidt October 07, 2012 Research Critique, Part 2 The purpose of this paper is to critique an article on the circumstances and characteristics of why patients fall in the hospital setting. The article being critiqued defines a fall as an unexpected drop from a sitting, standing, and lying position, which include an assisted fall (where someone helps guide them to the floor), slipping from a chair to the floor, and when a patient is found on the floor (Hitcho et al., 2008). This critique will discuss data collection, data management, analysis, and interpretation of the findings. The Washington University†¦show more content†¦There was some researcher bias because some of the information that was collected from different sources conflicted, and the person who collected the data best judgment was used. Many patients recall of the circumstances surrounding their fall was not dependable. The study’s findings revealed that of the 183 patients that fell while hospitalized, the average age was 63.4 with the ages ranging from 17 to 96. It also discovered that many of the falls were unassisted, occurred in the evenings and in the patient’s hospital room, and had fallen during ambulation. It was also discovered that falls related to elimination increased the risks for injury. Out of the medical, cardiology, neurology, surgical, oncology, orthopedic, and women/infant units that were included in the study, the medical and neurology units had the highest incidence of falls. These units also had the highest patient to nurse ratios (Hitcho et al., 2008). These findings also determined that falls occurred when patients were unassisted, ambulating, and were related to elimination needs. 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The Great Gatsby and King Midas free essay sample

Gatsby is portrayed as a modern day King Midas in the novel, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. King Midas was a Greek man who was greedy and wished for the â€Å"golden† touch – everything he touched would turn to gold. When this was granted, he realized that the power didn’t make life any better and that it just harms him. Gatsby was similar to Midas in the sense that he took things for granted and turned small money into wealth. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is a businessman who has turned his small amount of saving into a million dollars, which is very similar to when King Midas turns everything into gold. Gatsby is a very well known businessperson with lots of money after ‘stealing’ from many people. Gatsby is also known for creating social bonds as a bonds man in West Egg and knows how to cheat people out of money. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby and King Midas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (http://poetry. rapgenius. com) Gatsby was a wealthy man who sought out the opportunity to replicate his wealth while King Midas was a Greek man who was granted the wish of having a golden touch. This wish was granted by the Greek god, Dionysis, as a reward for an unknown reason; at first, Midas rejoiced and loved the gift because it brought him fortune. (The Midas Touch is the golden touch†Ã¢â‚¬ ) Gatsby and Midas are similar in the sense that they both enjoyed have a fortune to their name even though it would only harm themselves in the end. King Midas is greedy Greek man who took a single wish for granted just like Gatsby takes his wealth for granted. Midas was a thoughtless man who didn’t care for anyone but himself and his own happiness. He decided that having the â€Å"golden touch† was more important that anything else, including his own daughter. (The Chronology and Historical Context of Midas.  ) Gatsby does something similar because he just cares about the parties he throws and the people he interacts with. It is said that in both the myth of King Midas and The Great Gatsby, there is a romance of money where that is what both main characters love. King Midas cares so much about his wish that he even turns his own daughter into gold – the wish only ends up harming his self instead of making his life better. (The Midas Touch is the golden touch. †) Gatsby and King Midas are both very similar because they both only cared about being wealthy.

Circadian rhythm essay Essay Example

Circadian rhythm essay Paper Introduction Circadian is a combination of two Latin words, â€Å"circa† that means about and â€Å"dia† that means day. The literal meaning of circadian is â€Å"about a day.† Simply put then, Circadian Rhythm is the regular flow of activity within a day. Human Circadian Rhythms are biological activities that follow a 24-hour cycle regulated by the human â€Å"biological clock† (Klein, et al., 2007). This â€Å"biological clock† tells the body how to respond accurately to the changing settings in the environment. One of the most evident bodily functions related to the Circadian Rhythm is sleep. Sleep helps the body â€Å"re-set† at least every 24 hours. It is controlled by external cues, particularly the rising and setting of the sun. This is called the sleep-wake pattern. It relies on light (Silva, Albuquerque and Araujo, 2005) to indicate time. The rising and setting of the sun is the most powerful control of the rhythms. This is the reason why humans are normally asleep at night and awake in the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Circadian rhythm essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Circadian rhythm essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Circadian rhythm essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Circadian Rhythm has both endogenous and exogenous components (Thomas, 2003). The endogenous component is the human internal clock that is controlled by the brain’s hypothalamus. It sets cues as to when a certain body function is expected to run. On the other hand, the exogenous component comprises external cues from the environment. These external cues act as stimuli to body functions. Circadian Rhythms need both components to work. Regulated temperature is an example of the endogenous and exogenous components working together. The onset of the Circadian Rhythms is believed to be during the fist 6 months of life (Pobojewski, 2007). During this time the human body already adapts to certain cycles and set of normal activities. The body learns periods of sleeping, eating, excreting and maintaining of vital signs. Discrepancies in these cycles usually create an unwanted response. It is safe to assume that once the human body learns such cycles, it would be very difficult to break them. The Human Circadian Rhythm is as individual as humans themselves. No two Circadian Rhythm patterns are alike. Each is developed and enhanced according to the individual’s set of cues, both endogenous and exogenous. There are some instances when an individual has to ignore the Circadian Rhythm. This is possible only for a short period of time. Many diagnosed illnesses are often related to prolonged disruption of the Circadian Rhythm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arguably the most common characteristic present among things with life, the Circadian Rhythm, is as prominent in animals as it is in human beings. The storing of nuts by a squirrel, the spinning of webs by a spider, the burying of eggs in the beach by a turtle, the feeling of hunger during lunch by a human being are all controlled by the Circadian Rhythms. In fact, animals rely heavily on their own â€Å"biological clocks† to complete many of their regular activities (Labak, 2005).   Animals are driven by their â€Å"biological clocks† to mating so that they can give birth during the mild seasons, when food is abundant. The light/dark pattern is important to animals. Animals that rely on vision to forage for food are most active in the day. On the other hand, those that are capable of activity with minimal dependence to sight are usually active at night. Animals take their cues for migration and hibernation from the length of days that indicate the turn of seasons. What humans normally refer to as instincts in animals are actually Circadian Rhythms in action. They are the driving force to all animal activities. A number of studies have been conducted that correlates body functions with the Circadian Rhythm. Studies have been conducted to assess the effects of the rhythms to various mental and psychological disorders. It has also been scrutinized against many physiological illnesses, more specifically when the rhythms are disrupted. However in more recent times, the Circadian Rhythm has been studied for the purpose of performance enhancement. In fact, more and more studies are being conducted of the Circadian Rhythm and its relation to athletic performance. In many cases, the rhythms have been found to have a significant effect (Klein, 2007). The Circadian Rhythm and its effects are now slowly being considered in design of training regimens and performance assessments. This paper aims to present a clearer understanding of the relationship between the Circadian Rhythm and human activity. Through experimentation, the significance of the Circadian Rhythm will be highlighted. In the end an inference of how to maximize this relationship will be drawn. Materials and Method Section Animal physiology 433 laboratory class designed a lab experiment to study biological rhythms. The study of biological rhythms took place during the winter quarter of 2008. There were eighty-nine students selected to participate in this study. Four types of measurement tests were chosen to study rhythms. These tests included measurements of pulse rate, eye-hand coordination, adding speed, and body temperature. The measurement were collected every two hours during the 24-hour period. Each student had one week to gather their data. While collecting the data, the student was required to disturb their â€Å"normal sleep and awakening time†, meaning that students had to wake up in the middle of the night or interrupt their daily schedule to collect data. The collection data during the rest phase needs to be gathered right away when student wakes up without getting up from the bed. It is recommended that each student divided their rest phase measurement for different nights, instead of taking all measurements in one night. They performed the pulse measurement. There were several ways to measure the pulse rate. One way was to place the index finger on the side of the wrist, just above the wrist bone, and press lightly. The beats were counted for one minute or for 10 seconds and multiplied by six. Another way to measure pulse was by taking the pulse from the artery to the right or left near the Adam’s apple and counting the beats per minute. Students performed the eye-hand coordination test. Using the dominant had, touch the index finger with the thumb and count â€Å"1†, then take the thumb and touch the middle finger and count â€Å"2†. Once the thumb is touching the little finger get to the little finger, count â€Å"4†. Now count by going backward, first touching the ring finger and count â€Å"5†, then the middle finger and count â€Å"6† and to the index finger and count â€Å"7†. Perform these procedures until have reached the count to â€Å"25†. At â€Å"25†, the thumb and the index finger must be touching each other. Try to practice the movement before doing the actual measurement. If a student makes a mistake then is required to start counting over again. Student needs to record how many times it takes to complete the correct count.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Student measured adding speed. For this test, the required material is a table of one digit numbers placed in columns. Using a piece of paper, the student should place it at the bottom of the second row of numbers. As the student moves the paper down to the third row the student needs to add the first and the second row numbers. Move the paper down to the third row and add second and third line. Add only two lines at the same time by continuing to count until added the entire column. Finally record the time that is took to complete this procedure. Use different column for each circadian time period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Measurement is oral temperature. Student should beging by using a reusable thermometer to measure the temperature. Taking the thermometer and place it under the tongue for one minute. After a minute passes readily read the thermometer by looking at the last black dot, it will show the temperature in Fahrenheit. Finally, rinse the thermometer with soapy water or wipe with rubbing alcohol. Dry it and store in the thermometer case. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study of circadian rhythms over the 24-hour period has shown the following results. According to Figure 1, the highest heart rate was recorded between 1200-2000 and lowest heart rate was at 400. The maximum heart rate was approximately 78 beats per minute during the hours 1200-2000 or from 1000-2200. The minimum heart rate was at 0400 about 65 beats per minute or between 0200-0600.   The mean heart rate is significantly different between midnight and daytime (P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The highest eye-hand coordination count is at 400 in the morning and lowest at 1200. It takes about 11 sec to perform eye-hand coordination test at 0400 or between hours of 0200-0600. And the minimum is at 1200 (7 sec) or between hours of 0800-2200.The mean eye-hand coordination is significantly differ at 0400 than eye-hand coordination count between noon (Figure 2, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The maximum number of mistakes is at 0400 (1 number of mistakes) or between 0200-0400. On the other hand, the minimum is from 0600-2400 (between 0.2-0.6 number of mistakes). The mean number of trials with mistakes have differ significantly during the night that during the daytime (Figure 3, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). The highest values for adding speed occur at 0400 and lowest value is between   1200-1400 and 2000. Being maximum at 0400 (77 sec) or from 2400-0800 and minimum is between 1200-1400 and 2000 (approximately 53 sec) or between 0600-2400 The mean adding speed is significantly differ at 400 than during the daytime (Figure 4, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). The highest body temperature observed between 1400-1800 hours and the lowest at 0400. Maximum at 1400-1800 (97 °F) or 1000-2200 and minimum at 0400 (96 °F ) or 2400-0800. The mean oral temperature at midnight is also significantly lower than temperature between 1400-1800 (Figure 5, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). Discussion: In the past, several studies have been conducted to demonstrate the diurnal variations that occur in the heart beat.   One of the main factors that control the heart beat include the two components of the autonomic nervous system, namely, the sympathetic component and the parasympathetic component.   Both these components have opposing actions.   A study conducted by Stein et al (2006) demonstrated that the heart rate variations are very much dependent on the circadian cycle compared to the ultradian cycle.   Stein et al involved about 113 subjects in his study between the ages 48 to 68.   He included about 68 men and 48 women.   One of the main instruments utilized in his study was an overnight polysomnographic ECG, which could help determine the heart rate and record the diurnal variation. In another study conducted by Bonnemeier et al (2003), demonstrated that during vagal stimulation had a significant role over the heart rate.   In turn, the vagus stimulation was controlled by the circadian cycle.   With age, there was a decrease in the vagal stimulation leading to decreased in the parasympathetic activity at night times.   Bonnemeier et al utilized 166 healthy subjects who did not suffer from any cardiac disorder.   About 85 women and 80 men, between the ages of 30 to 55 years formed a part of this study. Several external and internal factors helped to control temperature including circadian factors, menstrual factors, etc.   Sund-Levander et al who conducted several experiments on temperature variation found that the time of the day and then season, had a significant role over temperature.   Recently, it was found that time of the day controlled the temperature from an internal mechanism rather than an external.   Between the 1960’s, 1970’s and the 1980’s, more than 2700 articles have been published the internal role the circadian cycle has over body temperature variation.   Some of the factors that had a role over the circadian cycle included the light and day cycles and the meal timings.   Earlier study conducted by Kelly Greg et al in 2006 demonstrated that the temperature of the body was lowest between 3 am to 6 am and highest between 4 pm to 9 pm.   The difference between these two temperatures was about 1.8 degrees F.   Greg also found that se veral other factors could affect this variation in temperature. Although no current evidence is available to demonstrate that maximum number of human errors occurs during 2 am to 4 am, current literature suggest that the human tendency to make mistakes is higher during the early morning period.   This is because relatively fewer research studies have been conducted in this area.   One of the vital areas in which attention is required by the personnel is the night shifts in the trauma unit of a hospital.   Studies have shown that as these personnel experience a disruption of the circadian cycle, they are bound to make mistakes in the early morning hours.   Fatigue has been one of the causes for these errors.   In the past, 4 major disasters in the World have occurred due to disasters by the personnel during the early morning hours.   Scientists suggest that the human body circadian cycle is tuned in such a way that during the early morning hours, human physical and mental activity is minimized (Duncan, Jha, Bates, 2001). A study was conducted by Edwards et al (2008) to determine the level of accuracy at different times of the day in order to determine the effect on circadian cycle.   The individuals had to aim at a target and reach the center of the target as close as possible.   This task required a great level of eye-hand coordination.   Before the performance of the task, the oral temperature was recorded.   This study demonstrated a close relationship between the oral temperature and performance levels (Edwards et al, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus it can be said that the findings of this study have been consistent with that of the past studies.   The results of this study seem to be very specific and precise, as it points out to specific periods in a 24-hour cycle.   Such data needs to be studied further through advanced studies, and of in consistent results are obtained, could the results of this study be utilized for practical purposes.   Besides, long-term studies need to be performed in individuals with a disturbance in the circadian cycle. References: Bonnemeier H, Richardt G, Potratz J et al (2003). †Circadian profile of cardiac autonomic nervous modulation in healthy subjects: differing effects of aging and gender on heart rate variability.† J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 14(8), 791-799. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890036?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlusDrugs1 Duncan, B. W., Jha, A.K., Bates, D. W. (2001). â€Å"Chapter 46. Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Medical Errors.† In. Shojania, K. G., Duncan, B. W., McDonald, K. M. et al (Ed). Making Health Care Safer A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices, Rockville: AHRQ. http://www.ahrq.gov/Clinic/ptsafety/index.html#toc Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Reilly, T. (2008). â€Å"Circadian rhythms and their association with body temperature and time awake when performing a simple task with the dominant and non-dominant hand.† Chronobiol Int., 25(1), 115-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18293153?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Kelly, G. (2006). â€Å"Body Temperature Variability (Part 1): A Review of the History of Body Temperature and its Variability Due to Site Selection, Biological Rhythms, Fitness, and Aging.† Alternate Medicine Review, 11(4). 278-293. http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/11/4/278.pdf Stein, P. K., Domitrovich, P. P., Lundequam, E. J. et al (2006). â€Å"Circadian and ultradian rhythms in heart rate variability.† Biomed Tech (Berl), 51(4), 155-158. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061928?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlusDrugs1 Number of pages: 2 (Double Spaced) [?] Deadline: February 27 7:33 [?] T Number of sources: 5 [?] Style: APA  [?] Urgency:   Ã‚   4 days Time remaining: 1 days 23 hours 48 minutes Status: Order is available Messages: 0 [?] Files: 3 Description: [?] Preferred language style: English(U.S.) Draft Discussion and Literature Cited Sections Dear writer, Now I need to write a discussion section for my paper. You already wrote the introduction section for me, I wrote the material method section, and the result. Can you please help me to write a discussion. It needs to contain the following information: 1. Provides 4-5 general statements that interpret the results of the current study. 2. These general statements are the topic (first) or concluding (last) sentences of the paragraphs. 3. The general statements are expanded upon with support from the current study, including whether or not the current results agree with previously reported results. 4. The general statements are expanded upon with support from the literature. The supporting statements are referenced with Figure numbers ( Figure 1, 2,3,4 or 5) or literature citations that are in one of two forms (Last names of authors, year of publication) or (number from literature cited section). 5. The final paragraph in the Discussion section contains a concluding statement that summarizes the current findings in relation to previous work and a sentence that states whether or not the current findings support or refute the original hypothesis. 6. General: a. Flow of the narrative, i.e. is there a logical organization to the sentences in the text? Is the reader taken on a journey by the author that culminates in the final conclusion? b. The narrative provides the average biological scientist with a general understanding of the results of the current study and their relationship to previous research findings. Literature Cited: 1. Includes at least 5 references, at most one reference is a textbook and 1 is a review article. 2. References are numbered and listed in alphabetical order. 3. All references cited in the text are found in the Literature Cited section. 4. All references cited in the Literature Cited section can be found in the text. The sources must be primary because last time they were not. A primary source articles contain a full research report including all of the details necessary to duplicate a study. A primary source article usually contains the followings sections: an abstract that summarizes the paper, an introduction that contains the rationale for the study, a method section that describes in detail the subjects or participants in the study and the procedure, stimuli and equipment used in the study, a results section that describes what was found and any statistical analyses that were performed, a discussion section that explores the implications of the findings, and a references section that lists the literature cited throughout the paper. Primary source articles are most often found in scientific journals. I will also attach the lecture notes that my teacher gave us on circadian rhythm. You cant use lecture as a primary source, but the pdf file with graph contain some primary sources underneath the graphs that could be used for this paper. The lecture notes explain the details of each graph very well. You can use 2 sources from the pdf file, then one has to be a book, and another 2 primarily articles. Please paraphrase the text and do not use direct quotes as you did for the introduction section. Also use simple language so that the paper will flow. Contact me if you have any questions.